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Technical
Building a new Hong Kong icon
CM Staff
After five years in the making, the Hong Kong Palace Museum is set to open in July 2022 (All photographs courtesy of CSHK)
China State Construction Engineering has built the Hong Kong Palace Museum, which is set to open in mid-2022 in West Kowloon’s Cultural District. CM reports.
Located in the West Kowloon Cultural District, the seven-storey Hong Kong Palace Museum (HKPM) is a remarkable building, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, shaped to resemble an ancient Chinese cauldron called ‘Fang Ding’ – a vessel with a square body and four legs – representing strength, power, respect and heritage.
Designed by Rocco Yim and constructed by China State Construction Engineering (Hong Kong) Limited (CSHK), various details of the museum building echo those of the Palace Museum in Beijing’s Forbidden City.
To imitate ancient city walls, large parts of the museum’s exterior walls are covered with fair-faced concrete along with facade cladding. The unique aluminium ceiling in the atriums extends from the ground to the four-storey exhibition hall, and the atriums connect the different floors of the museum vertically, referencing the horizontal spatial configuration of the Forbidden City’s central axis.
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With a 17,000 sq m footprint and a total floor area of approximately 44,000 sq m, the museum has nine galleries, a 400-seat auditorium, activity rooms, restaurants, shops, and offices. It is due to open in July 2022 after five years in the making.
Over 900 works of art are to be displayed – all gems of the Palace Museum collection. After the opening, HKPM will create a dynamic and innovative platform to inspire and engage the community, encourage dialogue and partnership, and foster public awareness and appreciation of Chinese art and culture.
Technical details
In this challenging project, BIM technology was implemented at all stages, from architectural design analysis and detailed design development to construction and operation.
The unique exterior facade is composed of 4,022 pieces of decorative aluminium panels and metal meshes, with a special lighting-effect design and a top-class fair-faced concrete finish as a backdrop reflector. BIM helped to produce shop drawings for each panel, increasing the precision of the drawings and manufacturing of components and avoiding unnecessary abortive errors.
The atrium ceiling comprises 6,800 three-dimensional, curved, and perforated aluminium tiles
With the use of Revit 3D modelling, the CSHK project team optimised wall designs through clash detection analysis, identified about 110 potential problems and resolved them prior to fabrication, preventing any unfitted panels being delivered to the construction site.
The team also used Tekla Structures 3D drawing software to produce a complete drawing set for each supporting structure module in just 10 hours, compared to a traditional computer-aided design (CAD) drawing that takes almost a week.
This helped to improve drawing efficiency significantly, providing faster detailed designing of connecting parts, greater installation speed and better quality.
Efficient design
The atrium of the museum houses a breathtaking column-free exhibition hall, which is constructed as a tall space uniquely formed by well-designed walling and suspended ceiling systems.
The atrium ceiling comprises 6,800 three-dimensional, curved, and perforated aluminium tiles, with maintainability and accessibility taken into consideration.
Another factor taken into consideration is compliance. The museum has stringent design requirements for various systems, such as electro-mechanical, lighting, temperature and humidity control, fire alert, vibration monitoring, security and emergency support. The CSHK project team fulfilled all the requirements with the help of 3D modelling and BIM technology.
The museum design builds on a concept based around a contemporary interpretation of classic Chinese visual and spatial aesthetics
Through more than 50,000 clash detection analyses, the technology also helped the team to resolve numerous technical issues, reducing potential design defects by more than 40%. This means over 1,000 combined services drawings (CSD) and combined builder’s work drawings (CBWD) are saved, shortening drawing coordination and production time by nearly 20%, significantly improving overall accuracy, efficiency and productivity of the project.
Material features
To make the appearance of the building more attractive and natural, on an exterior wall area of about 11,000 sq m, top-class fair-faced concrete was used extensively for columns and walls. Wall sealing joints are sealed seamlessly and surface flatness, cleanliness and colour uniformity are maintained.
The CSHK project team conducted a series of trials to test over 20 concrete samples, created eight self-checking systems and used a working procedure with more than 40 steps to monitor surface appearance and to prevent concrete from cracking.
The unique exterior facade cladding, with 4,022 pieces of decorative panels in various shapes
To create a sense of welcome and add a feeling of elegance, glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is used for exterior and interior walls, while glass-fibre reinforced gypsum (GRG) is used for the atriums and the body of the entrance lobby. With the use of nearly 4,000 pieces of GRC vertical fins externally and internally, each with a length of 3m or more and perfectly colour matched, the atrium walling is to be admired.
Wall stones for the atriums are of American white granite, sourced and imported from Vermont, and slab stones are quarried in Angola. Several types of stone surface finishes, including honed, polished and bush-hammered treatments, are used to enrich the material texture, providing a variety of impressions when viewed under different lighting conditions.
Hong Kong Palace Museum’s smart site control centre in operation
Located in the centre of the museum building, the height of the curtain wall ranges from 4m to 10m. It has a distinctive striped pattern with vertical and inclined shapes. Natural gradient iron decorative panels are placed around the glass curtain walls, fulfilling the architectural and aesthetic intent.
A strong professional team
To keep pace with the market and construction industry, CSHK has developed a smart construction site management platform called C-SMART and had put it into operation in the project.
The C-SMART system uses Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technology to gather all project information onto one platform, allowing the project team to grasp the situation of the entire construction site in real time, helping managers make quick and accurate decisions.
The construction of the HKPM began in April 2019 and the museum building topped out in June 2020. Over the past three years, it has won over a dozen awards in areas such as engineering, safety and environmental protection.
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